state province algeriathe wolves 25 monologue
The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. WebDeputy Secretaries of State. There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns. Many organizations reported that they never received a deposit slip and that even with the receipt; it was difficult to conduct necessary administrative tasks without formal accreditation. President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. Access to Basic Services: UNHCR provided registered refugees with modest food assistance and lodging support. Employment: The government does not formally allow refugee employment; however, many worked in the informal market and were at risk of labor exploitation due to their lack of legal status in the country. The Islamic State Algeria Province After kidnapping a 55-year-old French mountaineering guide, Herv Gourdel, the group stated in a video on 22 September 2014, that the kidnapping was a fulfilling of an order of IS spokesman al-'Adnani to attack citizens of Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, The government monitored certain email and social media sites. )industrial: 191 million cubic meters (2017 est. Their names were Alger (English: Algiers), In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum, which President TEBBOUNE enacted in January 2021. ), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Berber dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. These penalties are neither sufficiently stringent nor commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes. The law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities, although the government did not always effectively enforce these provisions. The law also stipulates penalties that include imprisonment of two months to two years and fines of DZD 500 to DZD 2,000 ($4.25 to $17) for anyone convicted of having committed a homosexual act. If a minor is involved, the adult may face up to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 10,000 ($85). Laws prohibiting parental abduction do not penalize mothers and fathers differently, and the punishment for convicted kidnappers includes the death penalty. According to the ministry, organizations receive a receipt after submitting their application for accreditation, and after the time periods listed above, this slip is legally sufficient for them to begin operating, to open a bank account, and to rent office or event space. Opposition parties also disseminated information via the internet and published communiques but stated they did not have access to the national television and radio. The constitution provides for the right of association, but the government restricted this right. Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. UNHCR, the World Food Program (WFP), UNICEF, the Algerian Red Crescent, the Sahrawi Red Crescent, and other organizations assisted Sahrawi refugees. The law prohibits parties based on religion, ethnicity, gender, language, or region, but there were various political parties commonly known to be Islamist, notably members of the Green Alliance. The government did not adequately enforce the law, since discrimination reportedly existed, specifically against migrant workers in the informal economy who lacked a legal means to address unfair working conditions. Authorities arrested Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial. phonetics. split from Sada; Relizane split from Mostaganem; Souk Ahras split from Guelma; Tindouf split from Bchar; Tipaza In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. Several opposition political parties claimed voter turnout figures were inflated and that the results were fraudulent. Since the subdivision Algeria has known many empires and dynasties starting with the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C. Christians reside mostly in Algiers and the Provinces of Kabylie, Bejaia, Tizi Ouzou, Annaba, Ouargla, and Oran. ), 12.7% (2021 est. Amnesty International alleged that authorities sometimes detained individuals on security-related charges for longer than the 12-day prescribed period. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European According to statistics from womens advocacy groups published in the local press, between 100 and 200 women died each year from domestic violence. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in the 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. Internet users regularly exercised their right to free expression and association online, including through online forums, social media, and email. Few government officials made their personal wealth public, and there was no known enforcement of the law. Boumerds formed from parts of Alger and Tizi Ouzou; El Bayadh split from Sada; El Oued split from Biskra; El Tarf ), Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km), Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin, the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this population distribution map, mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts, largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art - rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) - that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated, Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%note: although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as primarily Berber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and several other communities; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Berber languages and introduced them into public schools. wilaya). According to NADA, while there are fewer cases of reported kidnapping, instances of child abuse and exploitation have increased. Additionally, the law prescribes up to 20-year imprisonment for the accused, depending on the severity of injuries. Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported during the year that following suppression of public activities in years past, they no longer hold events outside of private locations. NGOs reported that irregular migrants sometimes worked in forced labor and that their lack of work permits made them more vulnerable to exploitation. The government took steps to investigate, prosecute, or punish public officials who committed violations. Half of the lunch hour is considered compensated working time. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Many persons with disabilities faced challenges in voting due to voting centers that lacked accessible features. The government said it did not take measures to specifically prevent and treat HIV/AIDS in the LGBTI community. The government acknowledged that some detention facilities were overcrowded but said it used alternatives to incarceration such as releasing prisoners with electronic bracelets, conditional release, and replacing prison terms with mandatory community service to reduce overcrowding. The ministry has three to six months to review the text, with the absence of a response after that time constituting a rejection of the application. The law prohibits workers under age 19 from working at night. )10.51% (2019 est. The government said that a drop in aid from international donors led to worsening conditions for Sahrawi refugees, and that it had increased its own contributions as a result. The law requires that a minimum level of essential public services must be maintained during public-sector service strikes, and the government has broad legal authority to requisition public employees. In addition, some religious elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of movement. Algeria's fertility rate experienced an unexpected upturn in the early 2000s, as the average woman's age at first marriage dropped slightly. Family connections and status of the parties involved influenced decisions. )6.7% of GDP (2020 est. Independent Monitoring: The government allowed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and local human rights observers to visit prisons and detention centers. NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. The government supported the countrys Network for the Defense of Childrens Rights (NADA). A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. military territories as the arrondissements were to the civil territories, and the cercles were on a par with Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth. In May 2017 Fekhar was sentenced to five years imprisonment but in July 2017 a court in Medea reduced that sentence to two years. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), total: 31.9%male: 27.8%female: 54% (2021 est. Academic seminars generally occurred with limited governmental interference. NGOs reported that the government threatened hotel and restaurant owners with penalties if they rented rooms to NGOs without official authorization. )$38.551 billion (2019 est. Penalties for noncompliance include a prison sentence of two to six months and a fine ranging from DZD 100,000 to DZD 200,000 ($850 to $1,701) and DZD 200,000 to DZD 500,000 ($1,701 to $4,251) for repeat offenders. U.S. imports from Algeria grew from $4.7 billion in 2002 to $10.8 billion in 2005, primarily in oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG). The Ministry authorized the import of only 350 copies ofJeune Afriquefor delivery to various institutions. He declared, with considerable accuracy, that Algeria was not a French province but an Arab country, a European colony, and a French camp. This attitude aroused certain hopes among Algerians, but they were destroyed by the emperors downfall in 1870. Otherwise, the judicial police appoint a doctor. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record low voter turnout. Journalists from independent print and broadcast media expressed frustration over the difficulty of receiving information from public officials. )$24.902 billion (2020 est. into arrondissements, communes, and districts (civilian commisariats). The law additionally prohibits local periodicals from receiving direct or indirect material support from foreign sources. An NGO reported that LGBTI men were targeted more often than are women. The law gives the authorities broad power to ban books that run counter to the constitution, the Muslim religion and other religions, national sovereignty and unity, the national identity and cultural values of society, national security and defense concerns, public order concerns, and the dignity of the human being and individual and collective rights. It further prohibits books that make apology for colonialism, terrorism, crime, and racism.. The 89 organizations were given formal notices to abide by the law. Copyright 2000, 2001, 2003-2006, 2011, 2013-2015 by Gwillim Law. Coercion in Population Control: There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization. )male: 41.3% (2020 est. The provinces later became divisions. Although the government did not renew the accreditation of LADDH, the organization had members countrywide, received independent funding, and was one of the most active independent human rights groups. More than 100,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf. Tighter French immigration rules and Algiers' decision to cease managing labor migration to France in the 1970s limited legal emigration largely to family reunification. Under the law, the government may conduct electronic surveillance to prevent terrorist or subversive acts and infractions against state security, pursuant to written authorization from a competent judicial authority. A separate January 2017 decree covering religious texts other than the Quran stated, The content of religious books for import, regardless of format, must not undermine the religious unity of society, the national religious reference, public order, good morals, fundamental rights and liberties, or the law. The importer must submit the text and other information, and the ministry must respond within 30 days. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. )from petroleum and other liquids: 57.867 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. ), total: 21% (2020 est. After the most recent A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. A court sentenced him to five years in prison, plus a DZD 100,000 ($850) fine. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. The Labor Ministry employed one labor inspector per 12,000 workers for a total of 853 as of the end of 2017. Penalties for violations of the rights of union members range from fines of DZD 10,000-50,000 ($85-$425) for first offenses or DZD 50,000-100,000 ($425-$850) and 30 days-six months in prison for repeat offenses. Do not travel to: Areas near the eastern and southern borders due to terrorism and kidnapping. [3] Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Vol. The boundaries of subdivisions have changed, although the names may have stayed the same. John Paxton, ed. Provinces, Dpartements, Rgions. Corruption: The criminal code stipulates that only the board of directors of the institution concerned may initiate charges related to theft, embezzlement, or loss of public and private funds against senior, public sector economic managers. Critics of the law asserted that by permitting only senior officials of state businesses to initiate investigations, the law protects high-level government corruption and promotes impunity. During the year, the government deported migrants to Mali. During the year authorities blocked LGBTI NGOs from organizing meetings. The Sahrawi refugees had not sought local integration or naturalization during their 40-year stay in the refugee camps near Tindouf, and the Polisario Front continued to call for a referendum on independence in Western Sahara. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and other NGOs criticized the governments use of the law to restrict peaceful assembly. They also report that owners of public gathering spaces have been told not to rent their locations to certain NGOs. Women faced discrimination in employment. )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. In addition, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, and one foreign radio stationthe BBCoperated throughout the year. The law limits the grounds for pretrial detention and stipulates that before it can be imposed, a judge must assess the gravity of a crime and whether the accused is a threat to society or a flight risk. It reported the discovery of four minorsdown from 12 the year before. These organizations reported that migrant parents were often reluctant to enroll their children in Algerian schools due to language barriers or cultural differences. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. ), production: 87,853,976,000 cubic meters (2019 est. )consumption: 66.646 billion kWh (2019 est. )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In July 2017 authorities freed Kamel Eddine Fekhar, a human rights activist. )wine: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Academics and activists said that sub-Saharan African migrants sometimes faced discrimination and that there were tensions in some communities between the native and migrant populations. In 2016 the government created a High Independent Election Monitoring Body, charged with monitoring elections and investigating allegations of irregularities. Activists reported that some postings on social media could result in arrest and questioning; observers widely understood that the intelligence services closely monitored the activities of political and human rights activists on social media sites, including Facebook. )female: 0.7% (2020 est. The ministry did not renew the accreditations of the NGOs SOS Disparus (SOS Disappeared), Djazairouna, the LADDH, the National Association for the Fight Against Corruption, and the Youth Action Movement, all of which submitted their renewal applications in prior years. Religious workers reported that they had access to prisoners during the year and authorities allowed detainees access to religious observance. Participation of Women and Minorities: No laws limit the participation of women and members of minorities in the political process, and women and minorities did participate. Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. 1955-08-07: Bne department formed by taking the eastern arrondissements of Constantine department: Bne Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. The law presumes defendants are innocent and have the right to be present and to consult with an attorney provided at public expense if necessary. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association, d. Freedom of Movement, Internally Displaced Persons, Protection of Refugees, and Stateless Persons, Section 3. During a media interview, Omar Belhouchet, the editor ofEl Watan, an independent daily newspaper, said that media companies self-censor regarding certain topics. While the Ministry of Interior oversees the accreditation process for most associations, the president of a local assembly approves applications for communal associations. There was no evidence of any pattern of discrimination toward asylum applicants, but the lack of a formal asylum system made this difficult to assess. ), $5.574 billion (2019 est. The law criminalizing speech about security force conduct during the internal conflict of the 1990s remained in place, although the government said there had never been an arrest or prosecution under the law. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. The country was heavily colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Arabic al-Jazairiya from capital city Algiers, which comes from Arabic al-jaza`ir: the islands, for four In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. In September the Ministry of Communication stated there were 268 accredited written publications. Citing the threat of terrorism, the government also prevented overland tourist travel between the southern cities of Tamanrasset, Djanet, and Illizi. The law says any firing or other employment action based on discrimination against union members is invalid. According to UNHCR, the government did not accept UNHCR-determined refugee status for individuals. Several human rights NGOs condemned his arrest as an example of harassment and threats to pressure journalists. names. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 8% (2013 est. Membership in the Islamic Salvation Front, a political party banned since 1992, remained illegal. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO province code. departments of France. The Information and Documentation Center on the Rights of Children and Women, a network of local organizations that promoted the rights of women, managed call centers in 15 provinces. This decree requires all applications to include a full copy of the text and other detailed information. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.5% (2021 est. ), total: 28.9 yearsmale: 28.6 yearsfemale: 29.3 years (2020 est. Official assert that the law covers LGBTI individuals through general civil and human rights legislation. The law contains occupational health and safety standards that were not fully enforced. Arrested individuals reported that authorities held them for four to eight hours before releasing them without charges. Status of Government Respect for Religious ), air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. See the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. Authorities generally transferred pretrial detainees, after presenting them before the prosecutor, to prisons rather than holding them in separate detention facilities. He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. Police arrested and interrogated some of the demonstrators and released them after about an hour. note: data are in current year dollars$42.347 billion (2020 est.) Government threatened hotel and restaurant owners with penalties if they rented rooms to without. 2013 est. ) solar: 0.9 % of total installed capacity ( 2020 est. 66.646 billion (! Voter turnout figures were inflated and that the government did not accept UNHCR-determined refugee status for individuals have specific.! 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